Holding Company For Water and Waste Water-Arab Republic of Egypt

Wednesday, February 08, 2012

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Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater is one of the types of polluted water produced by the various activities and uses of human beings for water for several purposes. Wastewater carries various types of pollutants resulting from human activities. Treatment of wastewater soundly and effectively is one of the key means to protect the land and water environments against contamination. Sound scientific treatment ensures safe disposal of these water resources to be safely recycled into the environmental system to ensure human safety as well as that of the environment.

Wastewater passes through three main treatment phases:

1- Primary treatment

2 - Secondary (biological) treatment

3 - Disinfection

4 - Treatment of sludge

- Biological treatment of sewerage water is one of the most important treatment stages applied to sewerage in the plant. This treatment aims at oxidizing the various organic substances in the sewerage waters to be transformed into solid wastes to be separated from sewerage for separate treatment. Hence, the sewerage water would be practically free of organic contamination. Oxygen and bacteria are the most important elements required for the success of biological treatment, in addition to other conditions, such as: temperature, catalyst nutrition sources. Common biological treatment methods include:

1- Biological filters

2 - Revolving biological discs

3 - Activate sludge

4 - Prolonged ventilation

5 - Oxidation pools

Treatment with activated sludge is among the currently common methods due to its high efficiency in treatment. It is called as such since part of the residue sludge is taken back to the secondary residual sinks to the ventilation sink.

Components of the active sludge treatment plant:

1. Filters:
The large hanging or surface substances are separated. They are canals with manual or automatic refineries.

2. Sand removing sinks:
Sand and non-organic substances are residue. Their width is 0.2 mm and more, with qualitative density of 2.65. They are composed of canals with spaces for sand to gather.

3. Primary residual sinks:
The largest amount of organic and non-organic substances, hanging or residue into the sewerage water are residue to get rid of the surfacing materials.

4. Ventilation sinks:
It represents the biological treatment phase. The purpose of this phase is to transform the melted organic substances to hanging ones to be residue. This is performed through activating air bacteria and tiny living organisms, after providing with the necessary Oxygen through the use of revolving brushed, continuously moving water.

5. Final residual sinks:
The hanging solid substances, formed inside the ventilation canals, are residue – traditional activate sludge.

6. Chlorination sinks:
Free Choler is added to sewerage water immediately after treatment before final disposal in the outlets, to get rid of bacteria and the living organisms living in the treated water after final residue.

Graph of wastewater treatment plant with active sludge:


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